1 . Prambanan Temple Complex
Syllabus Mapping: GS1: Indian Culture; Art & Architecture • GS2: India–Indonesia Relations; Cultural Diplomacy
- During his 2026 visit to Indonesia, the Prime Minister visited the Prambanan Temple Complex, underscoring the shared civilisational heritage and strengthening India–Indonesia cultural diplomacy under the Act East Policy and MAHASAGAR Vision.
- The Prambanan Temple Complex is the largest Hindu temple complex in Indonesia and one of the finest examples of Hindu temple architecture in Southeast Asia.
- Built in the 9th century CE during the Mataram Kingdom (Sanjaya Dynasty), it is dedicated to the Trimurti—Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma.
- The central Shiva Temple (47 m high) is the tallest and most prominent structure, housing a statue of Shiva Mahadeva.
- The temple walls depict bas-reliefs from the Ramayana and Bhagavata Purana, reflecting the deep civilisational links between India and Southeast Asia.
- The complex originally comprised 240 temples, arranged in concentric squares following Hindu cosmological principles (Mandala concept).
- It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991 for its outstanding cultural and architectural significance.
2. Kamarajar Port
Syllabus Mapping: GS3: Infrastructure; Ports & Shipping; Logistics; Blue Economy
- Kamarajar Port Limited (KPL) has become India’s second major port (after Visakhapatnam Port) to achieve an 18-metre operational draft, enabling it to handle fully laden Capesize vessels.
- The milestone was achieved after completion of Capital Dredging Phase VI, undertaken at an investment of ₹440 crore.
- The enhanced draft allows the port to handle vessels carrying up to 7 lakh DWT (Deadweight Tonnage), improving cargo handling efficiency and reducing logistics costs.
- Kamarajar Port (formerly Ennore Port) is India’s first corporatised major port, incorporated under the Companies Act.
- It is located at Ennore, near Chennai (Tamil Nadu) on the Coromandel Coast (Bay of Bengal).
- The port follows the Landlord Port Model, with private participation in terminal development and operations.
- It handles coal, automobiles (Ro-Ro), LNG, petroleum products, containers and other bulk cargo, serving as a key gateway for India’s EXIM trade.
- Deadweight Tonnage (DWT) denotes the maximum weight (cargo, fuel, stores, crew, etc.) that a ship can safely carry
- India currently has 14 Major ports , out of which 12 are operational.
3. Mission for Cotton Productivity(Kapas Kranti)
Syllabus Mapping: GS3: Agriculture; Textiles; Crop Diversification; Science & Technology
- The Mission for Cotton Productivity (2026–31), also known as Kapas Kranti, has been approved with an outlay of ₹5,659.22 crore to enhance cotton productivity, quality and farmers’ income.
- It aims to increase cotton production to 498 lakh bales and raise lint productivity from 440 kg/ha to 755 kg/ha by 2030–31.
- India is the world’s largest cotton producer and among the largest exporters of cotton.
- The mission focuses on developing high-yielding, climate-resilient and pest-resistant cotton varieties, including Extra Long Staple (ELS) cotton, using advanced breeding and biotechnology.
- It promotes precision agriculture, mechanisation, quality seed systems, modern agronomic practices and improved extension services for farmers.
- The mission also seeks to strengthen cotton quality, traceability and value chains, supporting India’s 5F Vision— Farm → Fibre → Factory → Fashion → Foreign.
- Department of Agricultural Research & Education (DARE) is the nodal implementing agency in collaboration with the Ministry of Textiles.
4. Bintang Adipurna Award
Syllabus Mapping: GS2: India–Indonesia Relations; International Relations; Awards & Honours
- Bintang Adipurna is the highest civilian honour of Indonesia, conferred by the President of Indonesia for extraordinary service to the Republic of Indonesia and strengthening international relations.
- It forms the highest class of the “Star of the Republic of Indonesia (Bintang Republik Indonesia)”, Indonesia’s premier national honour instituted in 1959.
- Prime Minister Narendra Modi was conferred the Bintang Adipurna during his official visit to Indonesia (July 2026) in recognition of his contribution to strengthening the India–Indonesia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.
- The award reflects the growing cooperation between the two countries in maritime security, trade, defence, connectivity and the Indo-Pacific.
5. Performance Grading Index (PGI) 2.0
Syllabus Mapping: GS2: Education; Government Policies & Interventions; Governance
- Performance Grading Index (PGI) 2.0 Report (2023–24) was recently released by the Department of School Education & Literacy (DoSEL), Ministry of Education.
- is an assessment framework developed by the Ministry of Education to evaluate the performance of States/UTs in school education.
- It measures the implementation of the National Education Policy (NEP), 2020 and promotes evidence-based governance through annual performance assessment.
- PGI 2.0 evaluates States/UTs on 73 indicators grouped under 2 categories:
- Outcomes (Learning Outcomes & Quality)
- Governance & Management (Access, Infrastructure, Equity, Governance Processes, Teacher Education, Digital Initiatives, etc.)
- States/UTs are graded on a 1,000-point scale, encouraging healthy competition and identification of areas needing improvement.
- The framework supports Samagra Shiksha, NEP 2020 and SDG-4 (Quality Education) by improving accountability and learning outcomes.
- The assessment is based on verified data from States/UTs and other national databases, enabling data-driven policy interventions.
