Patriot System: The Patriot, which stands for Phased Array Tracking Radar for Intercept on Target, is a theater-wide surface-to-air missile defense system built by Raytheon Technologies Corp (RTX.N) and considered one of the most advanced air defense systems in the U.S. arsenal.The system was first used in combat during the 1991 Gulf War, with batteries protecting Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Israel, and later used during the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003.It is a mobile system that usually includes powerful radar, a control station, a power generator, launch stations and other support vehicles.The system has different capabilities depending on the type of interceptor used. The PAC-2 interceptor uses a blast-fragmentation warhead, while the newer PAC-3 missile uses more advanced hit-to-kill technology.
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI): It is the premier investigative agency of India.The agency was established in 1963 by the Indian government as a result of the recommendation of the Santhanam Committee.CBI is not a statutory body. It derives its power to investigate from the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act 1946.Control: It operates under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.However, for investigation of offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act, the CBI vests superintendence to the Central Vigilance Commission.Initially, it was set up to investigate corruption in government departments and public sector undertakings.However, over the years, its jurisdiction has expanded to cover a wide range of cases, including economic offences, cyber crimes, organized crimes, and special crimes.
Appointment of the CBI Director: The CBI director is appointed according to provisions under the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act (1946) and amendments therein brought by the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013.The appointment is made by the Centre on recommendation by a three-member Appointment Committee.The appointment committee comprises the Prime Minister as the chairperson, the leader of the opposition (LoP) in the Lok Sabha and the Chief Justice of India, or a Supreme Court judge nominated by him. If there is no recognised LoP, then the leader of the single largest party is included in the committee.The Central Vigilance Commission Act 2003 fixed the tenure of the CBI director at 2 years.Supreme Court Directions: The apex court, in a 2019 order, mandated that no officer with less than six months’ tenure remaining can be considered for the post of CBI chief.The court also ruled that the director is to remain in office for ‘not less than 2 years’ and can be transferred only with the consent of the appointing committee.
Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI): It is a statutory authority established under the provisions of the Aadhaar Act 2016 by the Govt. of India under the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology.Vision: To empower residents of India with a unique identity and a digital platform to authenticate anytime, anywhere.It is created to issue Unique Identification Numbers (UID), which is also known as ‘Aadhaar number’ to all the residents of India.Under the Aadhaar Act 2016, UIDAI is responsible for Aadhaar enrolment and authentication, including operation and management of all stages of the Aadhaar life cycle and the system for issuing Aadhaar numbers to individuals.Composition: UIDAI consists of a Chairperson, two part-time Members and the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), who is also the Member-Secretary of the Authority.
