1) Cold Wave: The IMD records a cold wave when the minimum temperature is equal to or less than 10 degree Celsius at a weather station in the plains, and is 5 degrees to 6.4 degrees below the normal temperature for that period.
- A cold wave may also be recorded at a station in the plains when the minimum temperature is less than or equal to 4 degree Celsius.
- For hilly regions, a cold wave is declared when the minimum temperature is less than or equal to 0 degree Celsius and the minimum temperature is 4.5 degrees to 6.4 degrees below the normal.
- The ‘normal’ temperature is calculated for every five days by taking the average temperature for these days over the past 30 years.
2) Trademark: it is a distinctive sign or indicator used by a business organisation to distinguish its products or services from those of other entities.
- Trademark infringement is the unauthorised usage of a sign that is identical or deceptively similar to a registered trademark.
- strong trademark: A mark is said to be strong when it is well-known and has acquired a high degree of goodwill.
- The degree of the protection of any trademark changes with the strength of the mark; the stronger the mark, the higher the requirement to protect it.
3) National Mobile Monitoring System (NMMS): NMMS App was launched by the Ministry of Rural Development in 2021. It aimed at bringing more transparency and ensuring proper monitoring of the schemes.
- The NMMS App permits taking real time attendance of workers at Mahatma Gandhi NREGA worksites along with geo-tagged photographs.
- The app helps in increasing citizen oversight of the programme.
4) Scheme for Economic Empowerment of DNTs (SEED): Under the scheme, the government seeks to provide free coaching to students for civil services examinations, competitive exams for admission to professional courses; health insurance; livelihood support and housing.
- It has been formulated for families having income from all sources of Rs.2.50 lakh or less per annum and not availing any such benefits from similar Scheme of Centre/State Government.
- The Scheme will be implemented through a portal, developed by the Department of Social Justice & Empowerment.
- The other implementing agencies are Ministry of Rural Development, National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) and National Health Authority (NHA).
5) De-notified Tribes: The term ‘De-notified Tribes’ stands for all those communities which were once notified under the Criminal Tribes Acts, enforced by the British Raj between l87l and I947.
- These Acts were repealed after Independence in l952, and these communities were “De-Notified”.
- The DNTs (of whom most are the medieval period Banjaras) are the most neglected, marginalized, and economically and socially deprived communities.
